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The Rhode Island Supreme Court has made prenuptial agreements extremely difficult to set aside!

Rhode Island General Law 15-17-6 and established Rhode Island Supreme Court decisions create a heavy burden on a person seeking to invalidate a prenuptial agreement in Rhode Island.

R.I.G.L Section 15-17-6 states:   

(a) A premarital agreement is not enforceable if the party against whom enforcement is sought proves that:

(1) That party did not execute the agreement voluntarily; and

(2) The agreement was unconscionable when it was executed and, before execution of the agreement, that party:

(i) Was not provided a fair and reasonable disclosure of the property or financial obligations of the other party;

(ii) Did not voluntarily and expressly waive, in writing, any right to disclosure of the property or financial obligations of the other party beyond the disclosure provided; and

(iii) Did not have, or reasonably could not have had, an adequate knowledge of the property or financial obligations of the other party.

(b) The burden of proof as to each of the elements required in order to have a premarital agreement held to be unenforceable shall be on the party seeking to have the agreement declared unenforceable and must be proven by clear and convincing evidence.

(c) If a provision of a premarital agreement modifies or eliminates spousal support and that modification or elimination causes one party to the agreement to be eligible for support under a program of public assistance at the time of separation or marital dissolution, a court, notwithstanding the terms of the agreement, may require the other party to provide support to the extent necessary to avoid that eligibility.

(d) An issue of unconscionably of a premarital agreement shall be decided by the court as a matter of law.”

The intent of the statute is to “preserve the validity of such agreements”. In order to invalidate a premarital agreement a person must prove every element of the statute by clear and convincing evidence.

The bottom line is the premarital agreements are extremely difficult to invalidate in rhode Island. There is one potential trap that exists. If the parties change residency and get divorced in a different state, the other state might be hesitant to enforce Rhode Island law. I always insert a paragraph in my prenuptial agreements that Rhode Island law will govern the interpretation and enforceability of the agreement. However, there is no 100 percent assurance that some judge of a different state will follow RI Law.

If a person signs a prenuptial without a lawyer is it enforceable? Yes. It may be preferable for a person to have a lawyer but it is far from required to make the premarital agreement enforceable.

The phrase “uncontested divorce” often means different things to different people. In my ten years of experience, I have seen many different types of cases in which people claim that the divorce is uncontested.

There are three different paradigms that I have seen:

1)             No assets and no children

This is a true uncontested divorce!  The parties have no assets, no real estate , no children and no joint debt.  No property settlement agreement is needed. However, a significant amount of work is still required by the lawyer.  The parties still must go to court for a nominal divorce hearing.  However, this type of divorce takes the least amount of time for an attorney. Therefore,  it should be less expensive.  I believe that attorneys should offer flat a fee divorce when there are no assets and no issues to resolve.

2)            Property division and / or children involved

In an uncontested divorce, the husband and wife agree to all or substantially all of the issues between the parties including if applicable property division, child support, child custody, child visitation, alimony, automobile issues, real estate issues, debt issues etc. However, despite the  agreements, there may still  be details to iron out! The parties may need a property settlement agreement memorializing their agreements.

If  there are assets that need to be divided then the family law lawyer may need to prepare a property settlement agreement, deeds, mortgages, promissory notes, qualified domestic relation orders (QDRO) etc. For example, if the parties need to divide a retirement account the lawyer must prepare a qualified domestic relations order.

Therefore, the cost of the divorce could vary depending on the circumstances. For example if a lawyer has to draft a property settlement agreement than he/she will devote more time to the case.

What extra work is needed to divide a retirement account?

In order to split a retirement account, Individual Retirement Account (IRA), pension, 401k, 403b, defined benefit plan, defined contribution plan or stock options, the lawyer must prepare a qualified domestic restraining order otherwise known as a QDRO so that there are no tax implications  for the parties. That QDRO must be approved by the plan administrator for the retirement plan. It also must  be entered as an order of the  Family Court as well as sent to the plan administrator for implementation.

3)          “Uncontested” divorce which is really “minimally” contested

Some people claim that  the divorce is “uncontested” but it is actually minimally contested. In this scenario, the parties agree to most  major issues but have some minor issues to work out.  For example, the parties may agree that there will be reasonable visitation but not agree as to the actual dates and times. The parties may agree to child support or child custody but not agree to all the particulars. The parties may agree that the marital domicile is to be sold as soon as possible by a Licensed realtor but have not agreed on the listing price of the home or have not agreed how the proceeds from the sale will be divided.

This type of case is usually more expensive than a true uncontested divorce because the lawyers will have to get more involved in negotiation and attempting to work out  the points of contention. Furthermore, the Lawyer may need to draft a property settlement agreement setting forth in writing issue concerning the marital domicile, equitable division of property, child custody, child support and visitation issues.

4)             “Uncontested” divorce which really is contested

I have seen countless times when a client says that the divorce is uncontested. I then ask them to explain the agreement. The response is sometimes: ‘we agree that we will agree’.  As we all know, the devil can be in the details!  An agreement to agree is not necessarily  an agreement because nothing has been agreed to except that the parties think that they will agree.

Often  people claim that the actual divorce is not being contested.  Whether or not a person will dispute the obtaining of the actual divorce is immaterial because Rhode Island is a “no fault” state. If one party wants to terminate the marriage and meets the residency requirements they can obtain a divorce whether or not the other party agrees to it or not.

Intake process, drafting divorce documents for filing and filing

There is typically an intake process in which the lawyer gets the basic information so that he or she can properly represent you. The attorney typically drafts the  documents and you sign them in front of him/her or another notary. These documents include a complaint, DR(6) financial statement, statement of children of the marriage, counseling statement, summons and automatic divorce order etc.

 It is important that the DR6 form otherwise known as financial statement is accurately filled out.After the  documents have been signed and notarized, the case must be filed. A Court date of  approximately 65 days will be set by the Court. The Defendant must be served by the constable. If the Defendant lives out of state he or she can be served by certified mail

Nominal or Contested Track

When a  divorce is filed, the case is put onto one of two tracks, the contested track or the nominal track. The Plaintiff in his or her initial filing designates the track they desire. The vast majority of divorces filed are placed on the “nominal track”.  An uncontested divorce should be put onto the nominal track.  Designation on the “nominal track” does not necessarily mean that the divorce will be uncontested.

If the case is put on the nominal track then the clerk will automatically set a nominal divorce hearing upon the Plaintiff filing. This hearing will typically be scheduled from 65-70 days after the Plaintiff files. In the event that the case is not settled by the nominal divorce date then the case will automatically be changed to the contested track

On the date of the nominal hearing, at the call of the calendar, the case will be either ready nominal or the parties will ask the judge to hold the case so they can try to resolve any remaining issues. If the parties cannot resolve the remaining issues they will inform the Court clerk or the judge that the case cannot be settled and the case track will be changed to the contested divorce track.  If the case track is changed there will be no hearing that date and the court will inform the parties of a future  conference date.

 A hearing is required under RI law!

Pursuant to Rhode Island General Law a divorce cannot be resolved without a nominal  hearing. At the nominal hearing certain testimony must be elicited in order for the divorce to be granted. In some circumstances, it is necessary to have witnesses to briefly testify to prove residency. If you don’t have the required witnesses your case could be delayed or even dismissed and you may waste your time attending court.

Residency in RI

Is it necessary to prove compliance with the residency requirements at the “nominal hearing” in order to obtain an uncontested divorce? Yes!

In order to file for divorce you need to have been a domiciled inhabitant and resident of Rhode Island for one year prior to your filing of the complaint. If you have not been a domiciled inhabitant and resident of  RI for one year prior to filing your complaint for divorce, you can file based on your husband’s / wife’s residency for one year prior to the filing. It does not matter if you change your residency or move out of town the next day so long as you were a resident on the date of the filing and for one year prior!

(There are exceptions for people in the armed forces (army, navy, air force, marines,  military) who are stationed in other states or countries)

Proof of Residency

In order to prove residency, it is sufficient, if both parties appear at the nominal court date and testify that at least one of the parties was a domiciled inhabitant and resident of Rhode Island for one year prior to the filing of the complaint for divorce. The Family Court will typically waive the requirement for additional witness if both husband and wife attend the nominal court date and testify that at least one party had the requisite residency as set forth above.

If only one party attends the nominal court date then you need one of the following in order to obtain a divorce (a) two additional witnesses in court to testify to the one year residency of the Plaintiff or Defendant (b) one witness in court to testify to the one year residency of the Plaintiff and an affidavit from a different witness attesting to the person’s residency. (This affidavit form can be easily obtained by the clerk of the Rhode Island Family Court.)

If you do not meet these requirements to prove residency your case may be dismissed or you may be given additional time to obtain the necessary witnesses or affidavit

What County in the family Court should the case be filed in?

Please note that all the counties in Rhode Island (Providence, Kent, Newport and Washington County) follow the same general rules and procedures. However, each County has different Summons. Make sure that your divorce case is filed in the appropriate County. At least one of the parties must reside in the County in order to file in that County. In Some Counties the same judge will hear the entire case.

In Povidence County, the nominal hearing will usually be sent to a magistrate.  Providence County includes East Providence, Providence, Cranston, Cumberland, Barrington, Bristol and other towns and cities. Kent County includes Warwick &  East Greenwich as well as other towns. Newport County includes  Newport, Middletown & Portsmouth. Washington County includes South Kingstown, Wakefield etc.

Is representing myself “pro se” a good idea?

Pro se is a latin word which means a person represents themselves. Most Rhode Island divorce and family law attorneys have done these nominal hearing hundreds of times. It is a very bad idea for a person to represent himself or herself in a divorce! As the old adage goes a person who represents themselves has a fool for a lawyer. Since everything you have worked so hard for is on the line it is foolish to go through the divorce process without a family law lawyer.

Documentation to finalize process

After the nominal Court date a Decision Pending Entry and Final Judgment must be submitted to the Court and signed by the Judge. Without a final judgment signed by the judge and entered as an order of the Court, the divorce will not be final and you will remain married.

Overview

A Rhode Island criminal domestic misdemeanor or felony case is often intertwined with complex issues concerning family law, child custody, child support, visitation, restraining orders and divorce. A Rhode Island Family law case is often intertwined with criminal law issues. In some cases there are three cases or more proceeding at the same time: a criminal case, a complaint protection from abuse and a divorce.  There also may be a dcyf, child support case, paternity  proceeding or juvenile proceeding pending. This article applies to misdemeanor criminal charges.

A misdemeanor is considered domestic if it involves certain family member, a spouse, girlfriend or boyfriend.  An assault, disorderly conduct, larceny and other criminal charges can all be charged as domestic offenses. Therefore, if there is a domestic violence component to an assault case, the case will be charged as a domestic assault rather than just an assault.

In the event that a person is charged with a domestic offense, a no contact order will issue. The No Contact order will preclude the accused from having any contact with the victim, his or her spouse or significant other.

A no contact order often reeks havok upon the family unit especially when the parties are married or have children. The police will remove the accused from his or her residence. This removal creates a whole new set of challenges for the family. In many instances, the accused is the sole support for the family. Also, there are often visitation issues that arise immediately. The accused often wants to visit his or her children.

The victim usually has her own opinions which may or may not include the desire for the accused to visit with the children. Furthermore, the accused often has the need and desire to obtain his or her personal belongings such as clothes, toiletries, tools, work items etc.Also, the victim may seek another restraining order from the family Court or District Court and may seek child support.

This article addresses the above mentioned complex  issues and answers the following questions:

Should I get a  Rhode Island Criminal  lawyer  or Divorce lawyer to represent me in a criminal law or divorce case in Rhode Island?

An attorney is needed but not required. The old adage is that a person who acts as their own attorney has a fool for a client. Lawyers / attorneys are familiar with the legal process, the law , the judges and the legal system. In a criminal case you have a right to a free criminal lawyer from the Public Defender if you meet the income and eligibility requirements.

What is the difference between a domestic offense and a non domestic offense?

Any offense which is charged as a domestic offense is more serious than the same charge charged as a non domestic offense. Under Rhode Island (RI) law, a person who is found guilty of a domestic offense or who takes a nolo contendere plea with a  sentence of filing, probation or suspended sentence must take batterers intervention classes. If found guilty of a domestic offense or if there is a plea bargain then a no contact order will enter automatically unless the victim is able to drop the no contact order.

A second conviction for a domestic offense in Rhode Island may lead to a minimum ten days at the aci! A third conviction for a domestic offense may be charged as a felony. Keep in mind that not all plea agreements constitute a criminal conviction. In RI any sentence with a suspended sentence,  guilty finding, plea of guilty, fine or period of incarceration constitutes a criminal conviction. A nolo contendere plea  with probation or filing with court costs does not constitute a conviction in Rhode island! A domestic conviction also will looks worse then a non domestic conviction on the accused’s record when seeking employment opportunities.

Also, sentencing is usually more harsh for domestic cases then a non domestic offense. Furthermore, in domestic cases a one year filing cannot be expunged at the end of the year. There is an additional two year waiting period to expunge a domestic filing. Please see my other article concerning Rhode Island misdemeanors for a comprehensive explanation of a one year filing in Rhode Island.

Upon entering a plea or being found guilty of a crime with domestic implications then the defendant will be ordered to complete a batterer’s intervention program which involves attending classes. The defendant can also be ordered to pay restitution to the victim if applicable and obtain substance abuse or mental health counseling. Failure to attend the Batterers classes, failure to pay restitution or failure to attend counseling could be considered a violation of probation, suspended sentence or a filing.

What is a no contact order?

In Rhode Island, A “no contact order” means that the defendant is precluded from having any contact and or communication with the victim or the person under the protection of the no contact order. This includes but is not limited to letters, emails, text messages or messages delivered through a third party.

In other words if a person is under a no contact order and sees the victim in public they must leave the area immediately and not acknowledge the victims existence. A person cannot even say “hi” if they walk by the victim by chance on the street.

A person can be arrested under Rhode Island law for violating a no contact order even if the victim initiates the contact and calls the defendant. A person can be charged with breaking a no contact order even if invited by his wife to come back to the marital home.

Dropping / dismissing the no contact order

The police cannot drop a no contact order. Only a judge can drop a no contact order. The victim can attempt to drop the no contact order at the arraignment. Prior to approaching the judge at the arraignment, the victim must speak with the domestic violence counselor at Court. The judge may dismiss the no contact order at the arraignment.

However, in the event that the alleged abuse is severe or there is a documented history of abuse then the judge may refuse to drop the no contact order. The no contact order may not be dropped by the judge if the victim states that she is still afraid of the accused.  It is much easier to drop the no contact order  at the pretrial hearing then it is to drop it at the arraignment. Some judges are hesitant to drop the no contact order at the arraignment. The judge will typically ask the police who are present at the arraignment whether they have any objections to the no contact order being dropped

Can the victim dismiss the no contact order after the arraignment but before the pretrial conference?

In the event that the victim wants to drop the no contact order after the arraignment but before the pretrial the victim can go to the clerk and ask that the file be brought in front of the judge. After conferring with the domestic advocate the judge will rule on whether the no contact order will be dropped.

Can the no contact order be dropped at the pretrial conference?

The victim who wants to cancel the no contact order will have another opporunity at the pretrial conference. The pretrial conference is typically scheduled a couple of weeks after the arraignment. At the pretrial conference, the victim can approach the judge and again seek to have the no contact order dropped

Will the criminal judge in District Court resolve visitation or custody issues?

No.

The criminal Court will not get involved in any family related issues such as child custody, child support, alimony ,paternity, relocation out of state, equitable division of marital property, visitation, payment of marital bills, payment of mortgage, payment of credit cards, disposition of the marital real estate, etc.  Those issues are the province of the Rhode Island Family Court not the District court !The District Court is where criminal  misdemeanor cases are heard.

The Court has the power to order restitution to the victim for any actual damages suffered by the victim as a result of the crime such as destruction of property, medical bills, stolen funds etc.

The District Court in a criminal case cannot be involved in setting visitation or dealing with issues concerning divorce or custody of the minor children. The Rhode Island Family Court is the proper Forum for dealing with issues related to divorce and child custody such as: child support, visitation, financial restraining orders and issues concerning marital property, marital real estate and debt.

Obtaining personal belongings (property) when there is a no contact order.

There are several proper ways for an accused to obtain his / her personal belongings when there is a no contact order in effect. Personal belongings usually consists of personal property such as clothes, sneakers, uniforms, personal effects etc.  The accused can contact the police department where the victim resides and seek to make arrangements to pick up personal belongings. The police will often escort the person to the home. The downside of this arrangement is that the police often are in a rush and enforce a severe draconian time limit.

If the accused has a private attorney, he can contact the victims attorney who can contact the victim to make arrangements . This can have its pitfalls because  the victim may be hostile  or  the victim may have no interest in negotiating

The accused can attempt to arrange to get his belongings through a third party. The accused must be careful not to violate the no contact order.

When does a no contact order in Rhode Island (RI) expire?

A no contact order expires when the sentence period is finished. A no contact order also expires if the case is dismissed or the defendant is found not guilty. The no contact order expires if the judge terminates the no contact order at the request of the victim.

Be careful because there may also be another restraining order issued as a result of a divorce or Family Court matter or a District Court restraining order!

What happens if a person on bail, probation, filing or suspended sentence violates a no contact order?

A person who is on probation, bail or a probation attached to a suspended sentence must be even more vigilante in order to not violate the no contact order.

A violation of a no contact order is a crime in itself which is also a violation of the conditions of probation, filing or bail . A person on probation or bail can be held at the ACI if they are accused of violating a no-contact order. For example, if a person is on probation or bail, a single phone call made by the defendant to a victim under the protection of a no contact order probably means a minimum of ten 10 days in jail at the ACI.

A probationary period  or filing period is a time of great risk for a defendant and a defendant must be careful to stay out of trouble! A person must be even more vigilant if there is a no contact order, order protection from Abuse from The Rhode Island Family Court or restraining order in effect. A violation of a no contact order or a Family Court restraining order is a violation of probation.

A person with a suspended or stayed sentence faces the most potential risk regarding violation of probation in RI.  As a result of a probation violation of violating a no contact order,  a person with a suspended sentence could be ordered to serve the remainder of the suspended sentence at the adult correctional institution (ACI)

For Example, a person with probation may get themselves deeper into trouble when they resume communications or contact with their wife or girlfriend despite the fact that a no contact order is in effect. If there is an argument or allegations of domestic assault or abuse, the police may arrest the person and hold him/her at the aci as a probation violator as well as new charges for domestic assault and violation of a no contact order or restraining order.

Rhode Island Family Court restraining orders: (1) Complaints Protection from Abuse and (2) ‘Civil restraining orders’ and how they relate to criminal law

 A defendant must Be careful! There may be a separate order protection from abuse restraining order that issued from Rhode Island Family Court as a result of a complaint protection from abuse. The Family Court has jurisdiction to issue  an  order protection from abuse restraining orders for up to three (3) years. The Family Court can issue restraining orders for persons who are married, are divorced, are family members or who have children in common as well as other jurisdiction set forth in the statute. There may also be a restraining order issued by a Court of another state or another Court

A protection from abuse case is not a criminal case. Violation of Family Court Complaint protection from Abuse restraining order is a crime in itself and also may constitute a violation of probation, bail and violation of conditions of a filing.

There are two types of Family Court restraining orders, “Complaint Protection from Abuse” and a civil restraining order. Both of these types of Restraining orders can be in addition to divorce proceedings.

Is Violating a Family Court restraining order which is not an order protection from abuse a crime?

No. A violation of a  Family Court restraining order which is not a Complaint Protection from Abuse is  not a crime. Violation of this type of order is punishable by contempt. However, If the restraining order contains language that violation of the order is a crime then there might be criminal implications.

Civil restraining orders are not nearly as effective as Complaint Protection from Abuse restraining orders. Civil Restraining orders are typically part of a divorce.

In a complaint protection from abuse case in Rhode Island can the Court get involved in Child custody, visitation and child support.

Yes. In a Complaint Protection from Abuse case, the Family Court can award temporary child support, visitation, and temporary custody of the children. The Court can also award visitation and in some instances may order supervised visitation. The Court can order that the Defendant vacate forthwith and remain out of the household. The Court can also order that a person take batterers classes or drug and alcohol counseling. The Court can order drug and alcohol testing. The Court can also order the Defendant to surrender possession of all firearms / guns to the Police department.

Is a violation of a Rhode Island District Court Restraining order a crime?

Yes.   When should a Restraining orders  be filed in District Court?

If the restraining order is against a current boyfriend or girlfriend or an ex boyfriend or girlfriend who you had a substantive dating relationship within the prior year but you have no child with, then Rhode Island District Court is the proper Forum.

If you have a child with your current or ex boyfriend/ girlfriend then the restraining order should be filed in the Family Court.  A restraining order against a current roommate can be filed in District Court.

RI Superior Court Restraining orders:

If you are seeking a restraining order against a prior friend, neighbor, landlord or anyone else then the restraining order must be filed in Superior Court. Violation of a Superior Court restraining order does not constitute a crime. Violation of a Superior Court Restraining Order is punishable by contempt which could potentially lead to a period of incarceration.

What is the difference between a restraining order and a no contact order?

A no Contact order is an order issued as a result of a criminal charge. A no Contact order issues at an arraignment either at the police station or at Court. Violation of a no contact order is a crime in itself and may constitute a violation of Probation or a filing. A no contact order expires when the case is over (dismissal or not guilty finding) and at the end of any probation, filing or suspended sentence.

A Restraining order stays in effect until the date designated on the restraining order. A Restraining order will stay in effect even if the defendant is found not guilty or the criminal case is dismissed.

If there is a no contact order protecting me should I also obtain a restraining order ?

It Depends. A no contact order expires when a case is dismissed; a person is found not guilty or after any sentence expires.

The No Contact order will expire when a probationary period or filing or suspended sentence is over. If you feel you need protection in case the no contact order expires and are in fear of the person then you may consider seeking a restraining order in addition to the no contact order.

If there are issues concerning child support and visitation then you may want to seek a restraining order in addition to a no contact order!

Resolving issues concerning custody and visitation of children as well as divorce and family related matters when a criminal case is pending:

If your spouse or girlfriend or boyfriend is preventing you from visiting or talking to your child as a result of a criminal case or no contact order then you may need to file for divorce or a separate action for custody or visitation in Family Court.

The Family Court can set visitation and child support as part of a Complaint protection from abuse restraining order. In some instances when domestic violence is alleged or there are issues concerning alcohol, drug abuse or mental health then the Family Court may order supervised visitations. These Supervised visitations may occur at the Providence Family Court or may be supervised by a third party.

Can the defendant testify in The Complaint protection from abuse hearing when he or she has a pending criminal charge? 

This is an important determination for the defendant. The defendant must consult with his / her attorney and weigh the pros and cons of testifying in the hearing. A defendant in a criminal case has the right to take the Fifth Amendment and not testify in the case. A defendant in a complaint protection from abuse case must be careful because any testimony in the abuse case can be used against the person in the criminal case. The defendant can seek to continue the abuse case until the criminal case is resolved.

What County in the Rhode Island Court system will criminal law and divorce cases be heard?

Al the counties in Rhode Island (Providence, Kent, Newport and Washington County) follow the same general rules and procedures.   Providence County includes East Providence, Providence, Cranston, Cumberland, Barrington, Bristol, North Smithfield, woonsocket and other towns and cities. Kent County includes Warwick &  North kingston, East Greenwich as well as other towns. Newport County includes  Newport, Middletown & Portsmouth. Washington County includes South Kingstown, Wakefield etc.

Rhode Island Attorneys legal Notice per  RI Rules of Professional Responsibility:

The Rhode Island Supreme Court licenses all lawyers  in the general practice of law, but does not license or certify any lawyer / attorney as an expert or specialist in any field of practice.

Shop around for an attorney just as you would a doctor. You want them to be knowledgeable in family law but you also want to feel comfortable working with them. Some things to consider besides their expertise in family law:

The Initial Consultation:Many attorneys offer a free initial consultation. This is usually half-hour to listen to an overview of your case and give you options on how to proceed.-Create a “cheat sheet” – Write down the main facts of your case and put them in chronological order. Also, list the questions you have about your case. Bring it to your initial consultation. Refer to your sheet when speaking with the attorney. It will ensure that you don’t forget to tell the attorney something important.Some Questions to Ask in the Initial Consultation:

Some attorney’s charge by the hour and some will charge you one lump sum when your case is completed. Some of the common ways lawyers bill for their services:Retainer Fee: advance payment to the lawyer for a portion of their fee.Contingency Fee: an agreed upon percentage of any money obtained through settlement, trial or negotiation.Hourly Fee: the lawyer’s hourly rate. They will take their hourly rate and multiply the number of hours worked on your case.Fixed Fee: a specific amount of money charged for a specific service.Cost advance: reoccurring advance payment for on-going expenses related to the case.Mixed fee: A combination of contingency and hourly fees.How Will the Attorney Bill Me?If the attorney charges an hourly fee ask how often they bill. A monthly invoice is common. Ask for a detailed monthly billing statement that specifies what services the attorney provided and how much time they spent on each service. Do not accept a bill that says: ” service rendered.” This doesn’t tell you what you are being charged for. Be assertive. If you don’t understand your bill ask the attorney to explain If the attorney charges a fixed fee ask if they have payment plans. Paying a little each month is easier to budget than paying one lump sum.Hiring the Attorney:When you decide to hire an attorney you will sign a retainer agreement. This is a document that states what services the attorney will perform and what the fees for the service will be.If you accept the fees and understand the services to be performed then, and only then, should you sign the retainer. Find out if the quoted fee includes court costs, copying costs, and filing fees or if these services will be extra charges.Do not sign the retainer unless you understand all the terms of the agreement!After You Have Hired the Attorney:-Be prepared and organized for each appointment.-Obtain the documentation your attorney has asked for.-Put in writing what you want out of the case. For instance, what property you want, how much child support, etc. Give this to your attorney. Ask what problems you face in getting what you want.-Create a folder labeled “Attorney”. Keep all correspondence and documentation relating to your case in the file so it will be easily accessible.-Write down what you want to ask your attorney before you call him. This will ensure you don’t forget anything. It will also help you stay on track since most attorneys will charge for time spent on the phone.-Listen carefully to what the attorney says and make notes if necessary so you can review them later.Selecting and hiring an attorney is an important decision. You should research your selections carefully. He should be receptive to your questions and keep you informed about each step in the proceedings. If you do not feel that your attorney is representing you in the best possible manner than dismiss his services and find another attorney. Remember, the attorney works for you!

Start an Online Petition now if you feel you are being misguided.

Seasonal industries often find it difficult to find seasonal workers due to the short duration of the jobs and the tasks involved.  This is where the H-2B visa category can help.  Common industries that utilize the H2B program to supplement their workforce include, but are not limited to: nurseries, golf courses, carnivals and fairs, lawn and landscaping, resorts and hotels, tourist attractions, theme parks, and snow removal.  But the H-2B visa program is not limited to any particular industry.  However, the H-2B visa cannot be used for agricultural work.

H2b visas are also not limited to any particular country.  Workers may come from Mexico, South Africa, China, Russia or any other country where they are located.  In order to simplify the process and keep costs down, it is best to get all of the workers from the same location.  If all of the workers are coming from the same place to do the same job, they may all be included on one petition.

Work Visa Application

Temporary Labor

The first criteria is that the need for the workers and the job must be seasonal; the employer cannot use the H-2B visa to fill an ongoing need.  Almost all seasonal jobs, by definition, meet this criteria because the services or labor are traditionally tied to a season of the year by an event or pattern and is of a recurring nature.

Department of Labor

Before filing a petition with the immigration service – U.S. Citizenship & Immigration Services (USCIS), the employer must first get labor certification from the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL).  This generally requires that the employer prove the seasonal nature of the job and that it cannot find any qualified and willing U.S. workers.

The procedure for getting certification changes almost yearly and therefore, it is recommended that you seek the assistance of an experienced H-2B immigration lawyer to advise on the current practices.

While it may seem obvious, it is nevertheless worth noting that the employer must be a U.S. company.  There are instances in which foreign companies operate in the United States and it must be the U.S. entity that files the petition.

U.S. Citizenship & Immigration Services â?? USCIS

After DOL grants certification, the employer can petition USCIS for the H-2B visas.  The proof required at this stage is somewhat duplicative with the process undertaken with DOL, but USCIS nevertheless must grant the petition before the visas can be issued.

U.S. Consulate / Embassy

If USCIS approves the H-2B petition, it will forward the case to the U.S. consulate where the temporary workers are located.  The workers then go to the consulate to apply individually for their visas.  It is helpful at this stage to use an agency in the foreign country familiar with the H-2B procedures at the consulate to assist in gathering the workers and applying for the visas.

How long can the workers stay in the United States?

Few firms in the U.S. today practice in the field of Sports Business Law. It requires a knowledge of entertainment law, intellectual property, sports brand development, professional regulations, broadcast and media law, sports sponsorship, corporate finance, labor law contract law, merchandising, anti-trust law and litigation.In addition to having knowledge in those fields, it helps to have a strong background in international law, if not English law as well.

Clients at a sports law, law firm are sports team owners, cities, athletes, stadium management companies, and sponsors. You will be dealing with product manufacturers, the media, banks, the USPTO, sports organizations, arbitrators and the courts.

If you are a true sports aficionado, you will wish the business of sport had less to do with the law, but with each passing year it seems to have more rather than less.The rules referees must now live by often makes it useful if they are lawyers in their spare time.

As society becomes more and more concerned with fairness, we see greater use of replays, and less discretion given to the officials to call the game or to correct a mistaken call on their own.Sports teams and their lawyers must constantly be vigilant to protect their trademarks and branding and spend as much time promoting their team and their sport as running the day to day operation.Fortunately, in the end, the time and cost of sports business law attorneys are worth it, with the value of most sport teams rising year after year.

The opportunities to get into sports business law are limited. Many more law students take courses in sports law than will ever have the chance to practice the little they learn in law school.

If you are an athlete, or a business in the sports world and need the assistance of a sports lawyer, call us or visit our website at http://www.californiaattorneyslawyers.com to learn more about how we can assist you. Or call us to speak directly to Sebastian Gibson about your sports law, entertainment law, intellectual property, trademarks, sports brand development, professional regulations, broadcast and media law, sports sponsorships, corporate finance, labor law contract law, merchandising, anti-trust law and litigation.